Cyclosporiasis - Microsporidia

INFECTIOUS NON - INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEAS 

CYCLOSPORIASIS 

A parasitic disease caused by Cyclospora cayetensis transmitted through food or water contaminated by infected feces. Some cases are asymptomatic, while others can be very severe and untreated cases can suffer relapses.

cyclosporiasis reasons are contaminated water or produce, or exposure to the organism during travel to countries where it is endemic. Immunosuppression is a risk factor for chronic cyclosporiasis in endemic areas or very popular in these areas.

Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts when you enter the small bowel mucosa and penetrates it incubates for about a week. After incubation, the person begins to experience severe diarrhea, edema, fever, abdominal pain and muscle aches. Oocysts may be present due to contaminated water or human feces as fertilizer. This infection primarily affects humans and other primates.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 

The diagnosis can be difficult due to the lack of recognizable oocysts in the feces. The use of evidence such as DNA PCR and acid-fast stain can help in identification. The infection is often treated with CPT, as conventional anti-protozoa are not sufficient. To prevent transmission through food, cooking and trying to prevent water while outdoors. 

MICROSPORIDIOSIS 

Microsporidiosis is a disease caused by infection by microscopic organisms called microsporidia. Microsporidia are eukaryotic parasites that must live in host cells in which others can produce infectious spores. These spores cause microsporidiosis, a disease that is mostly seen in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Microspridiosis is an opportunistic infection that causes diarrhea and intestinal wasting in immunocompromised individuals (HIV, for example). It follows from the different species of microsporidia, a group of parasitic protozoa.

DIAGNOSIS 

There are several tests available for diagnosing microsporidian infection. Microscopic examination of stained specimens of body fluids, especially fecal samples, allowing a rapid diagnosis, although the exact nature of microsporidia can not be identified. Urine samples can also be used to detect spores when the kidneys and / or participation of the bladder. 

TREATMENT 

Treatment of microsporidiosis is usually made in therapy and supportive treatment. Depending on the species infected with microsporidia and different drugs are used. The drugs most commonly used for microsporidiosis are albendazole (Albenza) and fumagillin. Patients with diarrhea, management of intravenous fluids and electrolytes may be necessary to satiety. Diet, nutrition and farm management can help with chronic diarrhea. Moreover, to improve the immune system with antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection can also lead to an improvement of symptoms.