INFECTIOUS NON - INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEAS
CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS
Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease caused by microscopic parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium. The disease and the parasite is known as "Crypto." Many species of Cryptosporidium exist that infect humans and a wide variety of animals. The parasite is protected by an outer shell that can survive outside the body for longer and makes it very resistant to chlorine disinfection. While this parasite can be spread in several ways, water is a common method of transmission and Cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of Water borne diseases (drinking and recreational) in humans to USA.It is acquired by ingestion of oocyst that subsequently excyst ,enter intestinal cells ,ad produce oocyst that can excreted in faeces. oocyst are not killed by routine chlorination .
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Incubation period __ one week .
Symptoms appear 2-10 days after infection, and an average of 7 days, and lasts up to two weeks, or in some cases even within a single month. There are 3 possible diseases immunocompetent persons. The disease can be asymptomatic or cause acute diarrhea or persistent diarrhea, which may take several weeks. Diarrhea is usually watery mucus. It 'a very rare find leukocytes in blood or diarrhea. And diarrhea is often pain or cramps and low fever. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, malabsorption, and dehydration. Anorexia may occur, as can weight loss.The people are asymptomatic (without symptoms) are infected, and can be transferred infection to others. Even after the symptoms have finally subsided a person is infected a few weeks.
DIAGNOSIS
Examine fecal samples for oocyst on multiple days ( 4 to 5 micrometer in diameter ) ,so smaller than other parasites .Acid fast staining ,direct immunofluorescent techniques and EISAs can elaborate diagnosis .
TREATMENT
No treatment of good practice, but the immune status has improved with the use of antiretroviral agents and anti diarrheal agents and supportive care to replace fluids and electrolytes. Paromomycin (500-750 mg four times daily) may be partially effective. Nitazoxanide has been approved for the treatment of children....... read more
Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease caused by microscopic parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium. The disease and the parasite is known as "Crypto." Many species of Cryptosporidium exist that infect humans and a wide variety of animals. The parasite is protected by an outer shell that can survive outside the body for longer and makes it very resistant to chlorine disinfection. While this parasite can be spread in several ways, water is a common method of transmission and Cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of Water borne diseases (drinking and recreational) in humans to USA.It is acquired by ingestion of oocyst that subsequently excyst ,enter intestinal cells ,ad produce oocyst that can excreted in faeces. oocyst are not killed by routine chlorination .
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Incubation period __ one week .
Symptoms appear 2-10 days after infection, and an average of 7 days, and lasts up to two weeks, or in some cases even within a single month. There are 3 possible diseases immunocompetent persons. The disease can be asymptomatic or cause acute diarrhea or persistent diarrhea, which may take several weeks. Diarrhea is usually watery mucus. It 'a very rare find leukocytes in blood or diarrhea. And diarrhea is often pain or cramps and low fever. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, malabsorption, and dehydration. Anorexia may occur, as can weight loss.The people are asymptomatic (without symptoms) are infected, and can be transferred infection to others. Even after the symptoms have finally subsided a person is infected a few weeks.
DIAGNOSIS
Examine fecal samples for oocyst on multiple days ( 4 to 5 micrometer in diameter ) ,so smaller than other parasites .Acid fast staining ,direct immunofluorescent techniques and EISAs can elaborate diagnosis .
TREATMENT
No treatment of good practice, but the immune status has improved with the use of antiretroviral agents and anti diarrheal agents and supportive care to replace fluids and electrolytes. Paromomycin (500-750 mg four times daily) may be partially effective. Nitazoxanide has been approved for the treatment of children....... read more
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