Ebola virus and marburg virus disease spread from person to person by contact

INSECT AND - ANIMAL BORNE VIRAL INFECTIONS 

EBOLA AND MARBURG VIRUS INFECTIONS 

CAUSES 

Marburg and Ebola virus has risen to tropical rainforests in Africa, in mid-20th century. Live virus animal host or reservoir's .People were probably infected when they invaded their habitats, and found a virus for the first time. Researchers Have identified a type of African fruit bat as a source of virus. Even if infected with Ebola and Marburg in contact with monkeys, chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates, these animals are not subject to natural virus. Instead, they are a ring of infection.

Once a person has been infected with Ebola or Marburg virus, the virus can spread to others through contact with bodily fluids that his person or through the use of contaminated needles or syringes. Investigators do not believe that humans produce enough Ebola or Marburg virus in droplets to cause infection through casual contact.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS 

After the incubation period of 5-10 days, fever, muscle aches and headaches often occur abdominal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, pain, diarrhea), and upper respiratory symptoms (cough, chest pain, pharyngitis). Photophobia, conjunctival injection, jaundice and lymphadenopathy occur. Delirium, stupor and coma may occur, suggesting the involvement of the CNS. hemorrhagic symptoms begin within the first days and include petechiae, bruising, bleeding and Frank puncture sites and mucous membranes. Maculopapular rash, mainly in wood, from about 5 days.

During the second week of symptoms, or fever clearance occurs and patients begin to recover, or multiple organ failure patients develop fatal. The recovery is long and may be complicated by recurrent hepatitis, uveitis, transverse myelitis, and orchitis. Mortality ranges from 25-90% (higher Ebola).

DIAGNOSIS 

Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever is difficult to diagnose because many of the early signs and symptoms resemble other infectious diseases such as typhoid and malaria. But if doctors suspect that you have been exposed to Ebola or Marburg virus, using laboratory tests to identify the virus in a few days. Most people with Ebola or Marburg haemorrhagic fever have high concentrations of virus in their blood. Blood tests known as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase chain reaction (PCR) can detect specific genes or viruses or antibodies against them.

TREATMENT 

No antiviral drug has proven effective in the treatment of infection with Ebola or Marburg virus. Consequently, treatment consists of medical support. This includes the provision of fluids to maintain adequate blood pressure to replace blood loss and treat all infections that develop. Some people receive transfusions of plasma to restore blood proteins to enhance coagulation. Public health officials urge hospitals to keep people with Ebola or Marburg haemorrhagic fever isolated from others in negative pressure rooms, which maintain the flow of air rather than enclosed spaces. Health workers should follow strict precautions for infection control.

COMPLICATIONS 

Both Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever lead to death for a large percentage of people who suffer. As the disease progresses, it can cause multiple organ failure, severe bleeding, jaundice, delirium, convulsions, coma and shock. Death often occurs within 10 days after the onset of signs and symptoms. One reason why viruses are so deadly is that they interfere with the immune system's ability to defend itself. But scientists do not understand why some people recover from Ebola and Marburg and others not. For those who survive, recovery is slow. It can take months to regain weight and strength, and the virus remains in the body for several weeks. People may experience hair loss, sensory changes, hepatitis, weakness, fatigue, headache,  inflammation of eye , inflammation of the testicles........ read more